Why Existing Systems Fail

Existing solutions address fragments of the integrity problem.

They do not solve the structural challenge.

Internal audit trails operate within proprietary trust boundaries.

They cannot provide cross-system determinism.

Signatures authenticate actors.

They do not guarantee structural immutability across lifecycle transformations.

Blockchain provides timestamping.

It does not normalize evidence structures or define verification governance.

Regulation defines admissibility thresholds.

It does not define deterministic technical architectures.

Each solution addresses a layer.

None provides a standardized, cross-sector integrity architecture.

The missing element is a protocol-grade integrity layer:

Without such a layer, digital evidence remains structurally dependent on platform trust.